The Social Security Administration (SSA) is a federal agency with local offices throughout the country. The organization receives funding via employment taxes. Many people rely on the SSA for retirement benefits when they cease working full-time.
A smaller subset of the population relies on disability benefits administered by the SSA when they cannot work. Some people are surprised to learn that there are two distinct disability benefit programs under the control of the SSA. Some people qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. Others might be eligible for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits.
What are the main differences between SSI and SSDI benefit programs?
SSDI is an earned benefit
The biggest difference between SSDI and SSI benefits is how an applicant becomes eligible. SSDI benefits are earned disability benefits. Workers accrue credits based on their income. They need to have a significant work history and recent employment to qualify for SSDI benefits.
Provided that they have enough accumulated credits, they can apply for SSDI benefits when they develop disabling medical conditions that prevent them from maintaining full-time employment. The number of credits required depends on the worker’s age. Typically, professionals have to show that they can no longer maintain any employment whatsoever to qualify for SSDI benefits.
SSI benefits are an entitlement program. People do not need to have a recent work history or any work history at all. Children with disabling medical conditions, those with visual impairment and older adults with limited resources are among those who may qualify for SSI benefits.
What people receive is another difference. SSI benefits are subject to a maximum benefit amount established by federal policy. As of 2024, the absolute maximum SSI benefits available are $934 for individuals and $1,415 for couples. SSDI benefits differ from case to case depending on the worker’s income and employment history. While they are subject to a maximum benefit amount as well, some workers who qualify for SSDI benefits may receive more than others.
Those applying for SSI or SSDI benefits often need help with the paperwork. Consulting with someone familiar with Social Security programs can help those dealing with disabling medical conditions pursue the benefits that apply given their personal circumstances.